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不会这样阅读和搜索文献,你就OUT了!

刘逸 何为康养 2021-09-24
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不会这样搜文献和读文献你就out了

刘逸博士为中山大学旅游学院规划系副主任,该文从其为本科生开设的“Let’s talk about research”学术科普系列讲座内容摘录,由梁嘉琳同学协助整理。
好的文献没有手没有脚,是不会自己跳出来的。要想搜到一篇好的文献,不仅要练就一双慧眼,还要有正确的渠道。
1
如何判断是否为一篇好的paper
1.一篇好的paper,往往有充实的内容。
  • 发现, tell us some interesting but unknown things

  • 揭示机制:tell us why and how these things happen

  • 发现新的影响因素:new impact factors

  • 告诉大众真相:Verify something that we are unsure

  • 提供新的视角和分析框架: offer a new perspective for understanding our world


2.在细读内容之前,可根据以下三个特征初步判断是否是a right paper。
  • Published in a decent journal or by a decent publisher, such as SAGE, Springer, Elsevier, Taylor& Francis, Science Direct

  • With an attractive title and clear abstract

  • Nice citation record


2
如何读一篇文献

1.从一篇文献的每一部分中都可以读到很多内容。

  • Introduction

  • Context

  • Review

  • Gap

  • Purpose

  • Argument

  • Review

  • Key issues which underline the research

  • Major findings on the research topic

  • Main points of view and controversies

  • Critical evaluation of these views

  • General conclusions about the state of the art

  • Theoretical frameworks:

  • Conceptual model

  • Theoretical logic

  • Conceptualization

  • Proposition/argument

  • Methods:

  • Validity

  • Sampling

  • models, formula

  • Mathematic logics

  • Results:

  • Empirical findings

  • Verification of hypothesis/propositions

  • Reliability of the findings

  • Discussions:

  • Response to theoretical parts

  • Related topics and issues

  • Unclear parts of the findings

  • Conclusions:

  • Summary of the findings

  • Contributions

  • Unresolved issues

  • Limitations

  • Policy implications

  • Future research agenda


2.总的来说,阅读一篇文献不外乎以下五个步骤:

  • Deciding what to read: read the title and abstract

  • Reading for breadth: build a framework

  • Reading in depth: challenge what you read

  • Taking notes: react to what you read

  • Summary

好了,记住,以后拿到一篇文章之后先花5分钟决定要泛读还是精读。

3.如何泛读一篇paper

  • Read the introduction

  • Read the section headings

  • Look at the tables and graphs to see what they say and read the captions

  • Read the definition and theories

  • Read the conclusions

  • Consider the credibility of the paper

  • kim the bibliography

  • Write it down


4.如何精读一篇paper

  • Examine the assumptions

----Do their results rely on any assumptions about trends

----Are these assumptions reasonable?

  • Examine the methods

----Did they measure what they claim?

----Can they explain what they observed

----Did they have adequate controls?

----Where tests carried out in a standard way?

  • Examine the statistics/findings

----Were appropriate statistical tests applied properly?

----Did they do proper error analysis?

----Are the results statistically significant?

----Are the findings reliable?

  • Examine the conclusions

----Do the conclusions follow logically from the observations?

----What other explanations are there for the observed effects?

5.好记性不如烂笔头,阅读过程中尽量做笔记帮助理解那十几页甚至几十页的文献内容。

  • Highlight major points

----Marked, noted down in your own ways;

  • React to the points in the paper

----Note it in the margin

----Disagree, question, unclear points

  • Summarized what you read

----What I learn

----Main points/key arguments

----Note new terms and definitions

----Summarize tables and figures/graphs

----Write a summary


6.阅读的文献多了,还可建立自己的数据库,积累优秀文献。

  • Draw a knowledge tree

----Trace the origins of concepts and theories

----Map out the connections

  • Use proper tools: endnote/note express

----Full record: title + abstract

----Choose keywords

  • Keep writing research diary

3
如何搜索文献
Paper的来源有很多,主要分为两种类型

1.Non-public

CNKI维普,万方…

WOS,Proquest, Sage….


2.Public

Googlescholar: the best public engine

百度文库/道客:welfare but onlyin Chinese, no guaranteed

以下介绍两种最常用的文献搜索渠道:CNKI(中国知网)和WOS(即Web of Science,是目前全球学界认可度最高的文献数据库,由美国汤姆森科技信息集团研发,提供sci和ssci两大类文献检索。sci,即Science Citation Index[科学引文索引]),ssci是Social Sciences Citation Index[社会科学引文索引])。

一、如何使用CNKI中国知网搜索
1、打开中山大学图书馆首页,点击“电子期刊”
2、点击“CNKI中国知网”
3、点击网址“http://www.cnki.net”
4、在检索框内输入关键字,可根据需要进行检索范围筛选
5、选择合适的排序方式,其中下载量一般没有参考意义。点击题名进入该文献的详细介绍页面。
6、通过阅读【摘要】可初步了解该篇文献是否符合需要,然后可选择相应的下载方式,将文献保存到电脑中。其中CAJ下载得到的CAJ文件需要下载CAJ阅读器才能打开。
7、若进行导出参考文献操作,先勾选所需文献,再点击“导出/参考文献”,

二、如何使用WOS搜索文献
1、打开中山大学图书馆首页,点击“电子期刊”
2、点击SSCI(社会科学引文索引)
3、点击检索入口的网址链接
4、在检索框中输入关键字,可据情况选择搜索方向及时间跨度。
5、通过选择合适的排序方式如被引频次易获得更优质的文献,亦可通过类别与文献类型进行筛选
6、点击相关文献,通过阅读摘要和关键词初步判断是否为目标文献
7、可点击“查找全文”进行搜索。亦可复制标题使用浏览器搜索。
8.其他检索方式如百度文库等则不必多说。此外,若想用Google Scholar却打不开网页时,还可选择Glgoo。
9.同样可根据要求设置筛选条件。

何出此言为中山大学旅游学院何莽副教授个人公众号,敬请关注!


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